At the end of this course, the students; 1) understand the reasons behind the increasing popularity of civil society since the late 1980s and especially 1990s. 2) learn the different coneptualizations of civil society in classical and modern political thought. 3) grasp the main fault lines of the debate on civil society both in Turkey and in the world. 4) see where these debates turn into a vicious circle. 5) comprehend the main tenets of different political analyses regarding the historical background of state- (civil) society relations in Turkey. 6) understand why strong state-weak civil society dichotomy is often taken as the most important socio-political problem in Turkey
MODE OF DELIVERY
Face to face
PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE
No
RECOMMENDED OPTIONAL PROGRAMME COMPONENT
There is no recommended optional programme component for this course
COURSE DEFINITION
This course is designed to evaluate the development of civil society organizations in Turkey in a critical way. The course consists of three parts. In the first part of the course (weeks 2 and 4), the historical development of civil society and its relationship with democracy will be reviewed. The second part (4 and 10 weeks) focus on Turkey, the development of conceptual and practical level of civil society will be discussed. In the third part, students will present the reports that they have prepared about the non-governmental organizations they have observed voluntarily since the beginning of the semester.
COURSE CONTENTS
WEEK
TOPICS
1st Week
Introduction 1. General information about the course content and expectations from the students 2. General discussion about civil society 3. The "rebirth" of civil society 4.
2nd Week
DIFFERENT CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY 1) The origins of the idea of civil society and the tradition of civil society-state identity (Aristotle, Locke, Hobbes, Rosseau (Ehrenberg 9-19; 70-90; 149-157) 2) Hegel and the state-civil society distinction (Ehrenberg 121-132)
3rd Week
Liberal-Individualist-pluralist conception of civil society 3.1. Classical Liberal-Individualist-pluralist conception of civil society Tocqueville (Ehrenberg 160-169) 3.2. Conservative Liberal-Individualist-pluralist conception of civil society (Hayek and Oakeshott (Ehrenberg 174-179))
4th Week
Republican understanding of civil society 4.1. Liberal Republican approach Habermas (Ehrenberg 219-224; Flyvbjerg) 4.2. Community Republican approach Adam Ferguson (Ehrenberg 91-96)
5th Week
Marxist Understanding of Civil Society Marx, Gramsci (Ehrenberg 132-143)
6th Week
1)Turkey and civil society: Historical background Mardin, Küçükömer, Soyarık-Şentürk, Kasaba & Bozdoğan, Seçkinelgin, Çaha, 2)The 1980s and its importance for the civil society debate in Turkey Yerasimos, Barkey, Keyman & İçduygu (2), Göle 3)The main debates on the relationship between civil society and democracy in Turkey
7th Week
Midterm Exam
8th Week
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE DYNAMICS OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN TURKEY I: STRONG STATE- WEAK CIVIL SOCIETY Dichotomy 1) Strong state-weak civil society dichotomy as a problem in terms of liberal democracy, individualism and pluralism (Toprak, Göle, Özbudun, Şimşek, Kalaycıoğlu) 2) Strong state-weak civil society dichotomy as a problem in terms of "natural development of society" and "spontaneous order" (Mustafa Erdoğan)
9th Week
3) The strong state-weak civil society dichotomy as a problem in terms of "rational democracy" (Heper) 4) The strong state-weak civil society dichotomy as a problem in terms of "republican citizenship and active participation" (Keyman, İçduygu)
10th Week
10) 5) The dichotomy of strong state and weak civil society as a problem for socialism and the leftist movement (Küçükömer, Belge, İnsel) 6) The dichotomy of strong state and weak civil society as a problem for "public friendship" and "moral unity" (Sarıbay)
11th Week
11) Trying to understand the dynamics of civil society in Turkey II: Islam and civil society; Islamist-Kemalist conflict and civil society (Necmi Erdoğan, Kadıoğlu, Pusch) Trying to understand the dynamics of civil society in Turkey III: Women and civil society (Kardam, Coşar- Gençoğlu Onbaşı)
12th Week
12) Trying to understand the dynamics of civil society in Turkey IV: Professional Organizations and Civil Society (Bora) Critical approaches to the concept of civil society and the relationship between democracy and civil society (Beckman, Chandoke, Ehrenberg chp 9, Mouffe, Gençoğlu-Onbaşı, Nalbantoğlu)
13th Week
Presentations and Overview
14th Week
Presentations and Overview
RECOMENDED OR REQUIRED READING
Beckman, Björn. "Explaining Democratization: Notes on the Concept of Civil Society" Civil Society, Democracy and the Muslim World, 1997. Bora, Tanıl "Professional chambers and non-voluntary organizations: the intersection of public, civil and national," in Civil Society in the Grip of Nationalism, Stefanos Yerasimos, Gunter Seufert and Karin Vorhoff (eds.), (Turkey: Orient-Institut, 2000) pp. 99-142. Barkey, Henry J. "The Struggles of "Strong" State," Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54, #1, Fall 2000, pp. 87-105. Chandhoke, Neera. "What the Hell is Civil Society?", www.opendemocracy.net. Çaha, Ömer. "Civil Society in Western Europe and Ottoman Empire: A Comparative Perspective", http//www.liberal-dt.org.tr/modules/printer.php?art=250 Erdoğan, Necmi. "Kemalist non-governmental organizations: troubled elites in defence of a sacred heritage," in Civil Society in the Grip of Nationalism, Stefanos Yerasimos, Gunter Seufert and Karin Vorhoff (eds.), (Turkey: Orient-Institut, 2000), pp. 251-282. Ehrenberg, John Civil Society, The Critical History of an Idea (New York and London: New York University Press, 1999). Flyvbjerg. Bent "Habermas and Foucault: Thinkers for Civil Society?" British Journal of Sociology Vol.49 Issue 2 June 1998. Göle, Nilüfer "Authoritarian Secularism and Islamist Politics, The Case of Turkey," in Civil Society in the Middle East, August R. Norton (ed.) (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996), pp. 16-43. Heper, Metin. The State Tradition in Turkey. Goran Hyden, "Building Civil Society at the Turn of the Millenium," in Beyond Prince and Merchant, Citizen Participation and the Rise of Civil Society, John Burbidge (ed.) (New York: Pact Publications, 1998), pp. 17-46. Kadıoğlu, Ayşe "Civil Society, Islam and Democracy in Turkey: A Study of Three Islamic NGOs," The Muslim World, Vol. 95, #1, January 2005, pp. 23-43. Kalaycıoğlu, Ersin "State and Civil Society in Turkey: Democracy, Development and Protest"in Civil Society in The Muslim World, Amyn B. Sajoo (ed.) (London, New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 2002), pp. 247-271. Kardam, Nüket "Expanding Gender Accountability? Women's Organizations and the State in Turkey," International Journal of Organizational Theory and Behavior, Vol.2, #1&2, 1999, pp. 167-197. Kasaba Reşat ve Sibel Bozdoğan, "Turkey at a Crossroad," Journal of International Affairs, Vol.54, #1, Fall 2000, pp. 1-20. Keyman E. Fuat and Ahmet İçduygu, "Globalization, Civil Society and Citizenship in Turkey: Actors, Boundaries and Discourses," Citizenship Studies, Vol. 7, #2, 2003. Keyman E. Fuat. "Modernity, Democracy and Civil Society in Turkey" in Environmentalism in Turkey: Between Democracy and Development. Ashgate, 2005 Keyman E. Fuat and Ahmet İçduygu, "Citizenship, Identity, and the Question of Democracy in Turkey" in Citizenship in a Global World: European Questions and Turkish Experiences eds. E. Fuat Keyman and Ahmet İçduygu. London, New York: Routledge, 2005. Küçükömer, İdris. Sivil Toplum Yazıları Bağlam Yayınları. McLaverty, Peter "Civil society and democracy," Contemporary Politics, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2002, pp. 304-317. Mardin, Şerif "Civil Society and Islam," in Civil Society, Theory, History, Comparison, John A. Hall (ed.) (Cambridge : Polity Press, 1995), pp. 279-299. Mouffe Chantal. Return of the Political. London ,New York: Verso, 1993. Mouffe Chantal. The Democratic Paradox. London, New York: Verso, 2000
PLANNED LEARNING ACTIVITIES AND TEACHING METHODS
Lecture,Discussion,Presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS AND CRITERIA
Quantity
Percentage(%)
Mid-term
1
30
Assignment
1
20
Project
1
10
Total(%)
60
Contribution of In-term Studies to Overall Grade(%)
60
Contribution of Final Examination to Overall Grade(%)
40
Total(%)
100
ECTS WORKLOAD
Activities
Number
Hours
Workload
Midterm exam
1
1
1
Preparation for Quiz
Individual or group work
14
2
28
Preparation for Final exam
1
30
30
Course hours
14
3
42
Preparation for Midterm exam
1
20
20
Laboratory (including preparation)
Final exam
1
1,5
1,5
Homework
1
15
15
Project
1
13
13
Total Workload
150,5
Total Workload / 30
5,01
ECTS Credits of the Course
5
LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION
Turkish
WORK PLACEMENT(S)
No
KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES (KLO) / MATRIX OF LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO)
